The Relationship of Blood Group (ABO) in Patients Infected With SARS-COV-2.

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious pathogen that continues to cause substantial global morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study evaluated 100 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Epidemiological Monitoring Unit at the Emergency Department of Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Diyala Province, beween December 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022. The cohort included 66 males and 34 females, aged 20-80 years. Laboratory testing confirmed diagnoses, and blood samples were analyzed to determine ABO blood group distribution. Findings revealed that 25.6% of patients tested positive, with a recovery rate of 69.99% and a mortality rate of 4.41%. Males represented 70% of cases, with the highest prevalence (30%) observed among individuals aged 60–80 years. Most cases (78%) originated from the Baqubah district. The predominant symptoms were fever (88%), shortness of breath (80%), and headache (81%). Regarding blood group distribution, O+ was most frequent (26%), followed by A+ (21%), AB+ (16%), and B+ (13%). A high infection rate (46.3%) was recorded among males aged 60–80 years, with fever, cough, and dyspnea as the main clinical manifestations. The results suggest that blood groups O+ and A+ may be associated with increased susceptibility to COVID-19 infection