Manufacture of Local Dental Porcelain from Mesopotamian Rocks and Evaluation of Adding Na2CO3 in Different Proportions on Its Physical and Mechanical Properties

Abstract

The research offers inexpensive, Iraqi-accessible, and high-quality alternative raw materials for porcelain used in dental and bone implants that are suitable for their production. in addition to other porcelain oxides (CaO, K₂O, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, B₂O₃), which may be found in some raw clay materials, the use of soda carbonate (Na₂CO₃) as a binding material is also employed. The measurement of porosity, density, diametrical strength, hardness, and thermal expansion coefficient showed a decrease in porosity and an increase in density, diametrical strength, hardness, and thermal expansion coefficient with an increase in soda carbonate percentage. This means the soda carbonates are forming glass phases to bond the granules with each other and increase the convergence between the granulose boundaries and close the internal spaces.